JOIN THE LIST OF POSSIBLE VICTIMS
SCRAPES
Competition Law Case (CMA Infringement vs. GEMMs)
COA: Follow-on Damages (Anti-Competitive Collusion)
Pension funds (most harmed: USS, BT Pension Scheme, Pension Protection Fund, Aviva, Legal & General, Prudential, Abrdn, Schroders):
– USS (Universities Superannuation Scheme): CEO Simon Pilcher, no CEO email found; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.uss.co.uk/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/universities-superannuation-scheme-ltd; CEO: no specific. X company: @USSpensions; CEO: no specific.
– BT Pension Scheme: No CEO identified; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.btps.co.uk/AboutUsContactUs. LinkedIn company: no specific; CEO: no specific. X company: no specific; CEO: no specific.
– Pension Protection Fund: CEO Michelle Ostermann, no CEO email found; legal/general: ppfmembers@ppf.gsi.gov.uk; contact form: https://www.ppf.co.uk/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pension-protection-fund; CEO: no specific. X company: @PensionProtect; CEO: no specific.
– Aviva: CEO Amanda Blanc, no CEO email found; legal/general: contactus@aviva.com; contact form: https://www.aviva.co.uk/help-and-support/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/aviva; CEO: no specific. X company: @aviva; CEO: no specific.
– Legal & General: CEO António Horta-Osório, no CEO email found; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.legalandgeneral.com/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/legal-&-general; CEO: no specific. X company: @LandG; CEO: no specific.
– Prudential: CEO Anil Wadhwani, no CEO email found; legal/general: epp@prudential.co.uk; contact form: https://www.mandg.com/pru/customer/en-gb/existing-customers/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/prudential-uk; CEO: no specific. X company: @Pru_UK; CEO: no specific.
– Abrdn: CEO Stephen Bird, no CEO email found; legal/general: ukinstitutionalall@aberdeenplc.com; contact form: https://www.abrdn.com/en-gb/institutional/about-us/contact-and-support. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/abrdn; CEO: no specific. X company: @abrdn; CEO: no specific.
– Schroders: CEO Peter Harrison, no CEO email found; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.schroders.com/en/global/individual/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/schroders; CEO: no specific. X company: @Schroders; CEO: no specific.
Asset managers (most harmed: BlackRock, Vanguard):
– BlackRock: CEO Larry Fink, no CEO email found; legal/general: enquiry@ukclientservices.blackrock.com; contact form: https://www.blackrock.com/uk/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/blackrock; CEO: no specific. X company: @BlackRock_UK; CEO: no specific.
– Vanguard: No CEO identified for UK; legal/general: enquiries@vanguard.co.uk; contact form: https://www.vanguard.co.uk/professional/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/vanguard-uk; CEO: no specific. X company: @VanguardUK; CEO: no specific.
Tort Case (vs. Bank of England / BOE Monetary Policy Harms)
COA: Negligence (Fiscal Mismanagement from QE/Interest Rate Policies)
Associations/orgs for consumers/taxpayers (representing 32M taxpayers, 12M pensioners, most harmed groups): Citizens Advice, Which?.
– Citizens Advice: No CEO identified; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/citizens-advice; CEO: no specific. X company: @CitizensAdvice; CEO: no specific.
– Which?: No CEO identified; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.which.co.uk/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/which; CEO: no specific. X company: @WhichUK; CEO: no specific.
Businesses (most harmed: SMEs via FSB; manufacturers like Siemens UK, BMW UK):
– Federation of Small Businesses (FSB): CEO Martin McTague, no CEO email found; legal/general: customerservices@fsb.org.uk; contact form: https://www.fsb.org.uk/contact. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/fsb-the-federation-of-small-businesses; CEO: no specific. X company: @FSB_UK; CEO: no specific.
– Siemens UK: No CEO identified; legal/general: smart-buildings.gb@siemens.com; contact form: https://www.siemens.com/uk/en/company/about/contact-us.html. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/siemens-uk; CEO: no specific. X company: @SiemensUK; CEO: no specific.
– BMW UK: No CEO identified; legal/general: Data_protection@bmw.co.uk; contact form: https://www.bmw.co.uk/en/footer/contact/contact-us.html. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/bmw-uk; CEO: no specific. X company: @BMWUK; CEO: no specific.
COA: Misfeasance in Public Office (Bad Faith Oversight in QE/Gilt Purchases)
Public sector (most harmed: Local authorities via LGA, NHS trusts via NHS Confederation):
– Local Government Association (LGA): CEO Joanna Killian, no CEO email found; legal/general: info@local.gov.uk; contact form: https://www.local.gov.uk/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/local-government-association; CEO: no specific. X company: @LGAcomms; CEO: no specific.
– NHS Confederation: No CEO identified; legal/general: no specific; contact form: https://www.nhsconfed.org/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nhs-confederation; CEO: no specific. X company: @NHSCONFED; CEO: no specific.
COA: Breach of Statutory Duty (Prudent Management Violations in Monetary Policy)
Associations/orgs (representing insolvent debtors, 100K annually): Confederation of British Industry (CBI).
– CBI: CEO Rain Newton-Smith, no CEO email found; legal/general: webteam@cbi.org.uk; contact form: https://www.cbi.org.uk/help/contact-us. LinkedIn company: https://www.linkedin.com/company/cbi; CEO: no specific. X company: @CBIBritain; CEO: no specific.
ALERTAS DE PRODUCTOS SANITARIOS
ESP SEARCH:
UK SEARCH:
>> filter alerts, recalls, and safety communications by date, medical specialism, or other criteria. Additionally, there’s a specific search tool at
for querying alerts. Note that MHRA stopped issuing “Medical Device Alerts” in 2020 but continues with updated safety communications on the same platform. This can help identify product liabilities for Halma items like SunTech monitors in tort claims.
EU SEARCH:
EUDAMED (European Database on Medical Devices) consists of six modules covering aspects like actor registration, UDI/devices, notified bodies/certificates, clinical investigations, vigilance/post-market surveillance, and market surveillance. Public access is available for certain modules (e.g., devices, certificates), allowing searches by fields like manufacturer, model, risk class, UDI-DI, or EMDN codes via the official portal at
or third-party tools like
However, the vigilance module (for safety alerts and incidents) is not fully public and restricted to authorities, with alerts typically disseminated through national agencies rather than a centralized public search. The EU Safety Gate (RAPEX) system at
handles alerts for dangerous non-food products but explicitly excludes medical devices.
FTM
FTM Tracks Identified for UK National Debt Case
Core Financial Flows (2009-2013 Collusion Period):
• GEMM chatroom info-sharing inflated gilt prices; trace profits via annual reports (HSBC/Citi SEC filings) to shareholders (e.g., BlackRock/Vanguard holdings). Use LEI lookup: Morgan Stanley UK (549300SDKV5RZWH2BN22) links to parent repatriation trails.
Post-Infringement Trails (CMA 2019-2025):
• £104m fines (Citi £17m, HSBC/Morgan Stanley/RBC balance) paid Feb 2025 to UK Treasury; track via GOV.UK disbursements to public funds/tax offsets. No OECD complaints found; monitor BankTrack for future GEMM sustainability breaches.
Uncovered Evidence:
• US class action settlement (Sep 2025) for 2009-2013 gilt traders; claims via ClaimDepot.com, paralleling UK tort damages.
• No X discussions; use Wayback Machine for archived DMO/GEMM contracts.
Apply GIJN guides: Cross-reference Europol/FATF reports for global debt cartel links; RocketReach for DMO-GEMM exec emails.
================================
LITISCONSORTIUM OF CLASS MEMBERS
Competition Law Case (CMA Infringement vs. GEMMs)
COA: Follow-on Damages (Anti-Competitive Collusion)
• Pension funds: USS, BT Pension Scheme, Pension Protection Fund, Aviva, Legal & General, Prudential, Standard Life Aberdeen, Schroders.
• Insurers: Allianz, AXA.
• Asset managers: BlackRock, Vanguard.
• Sovereign entities: Central banks (Japan, China), sovereign wealth funds (Norway, Middle East).
• Other investors: Swiss/Luxembourg financial institutions.
Tort Case (vs. HM Treasury/DMO)
COA: Negligence (Fiscal Mismanagement)
• UK taxpayers (32M individuals).
• Consumers (eroded income).
• Businesses: SMEs (5.6M), manufacturers (Siemens, BMW), tech/automotive (Japanese/South Korean firms).
• Representative orgs: Which?, BEUC, CBI, FSB, CEOE, BusinessEurope.
COA: Misfeasance in Public Office (Bad Faith Oversight)
• Pension funds/retirees (12M pensioners).
• Public sector: Local authorities (300+), NHS trusts (200+).
• Businesses: Infrastructure/energy/utilities, real estate.
COA: Breach of Statutory Duty (Prudent Management Violations)
• Insolvent debtors: Individuals/businesses (100K annually).
• Social care providers.
• Construction firms.
COA: Anti-Competitive Vertical Agreement (DMO-GEMM Framework)
• Future taxpayers (under-40s, millions).
• High-growth sectors: Tech/venture capital.
• UK-listed firms: BAE Systems, Tesco, AstraZeneca, Vodafone.
===========================
USPCONSORTIUM OF CLASS MEMBERS
USP UK NATIONAL DEBT.txt
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CLASS MEMBERS
European Companies Database (Free European Companies Databases - companiesdata.cloud)
How to Search by NACE: Download free Excel databases (Spain, France, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland) and filter by NACE column (e.g., K65 for pensions/insurers, K64 for B2B financial services, M71 for SMEs). Use Excel filter or Python (if using code tool: pandas.read_excel('spain.xlsx').query('NACE.str.contains("K65|K64|M71")')). Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Download Filter (if available) or Post-Download Search: "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (filter NACE: K65 OR K64 OR M71). Advanced Options:
• Country = Spain OR France OR Portugal OR Sweden OR Switzerland; Status = Active; Download = Free version (full for paid).
• (Paste in NACE filter: K65 OR K64 OR M71; Company name: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard)
OpenSanctions Advanced Search (opensanctions.org/advancedsearch)
How to Search by NACE: Not directly supported; use entity type "Organization" and filter by country (UK, EU), then cross-reference with NACE via external tools (e.g., download results and match to Companies House SIC equivalents like 65300 for pensions). Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Name/Entity Field: "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (e.g., Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard). Advanced Options:
• Dataset scope = Default (OpenSanctions Default); Entity type = Organization OR Person; Scoring method = logic-v2; Nationality = United Kingdom OR European Union; Birth date = 2009-01-01 to 2025-10-19; Match = Include sanctions/PEPs in finance.
• (Paste in Name: pension fund OR insurer OR small business Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential; Entity type: Organization; Nationality: United Kingdom OR European Union)
Paginas Amarillas (paginasamarillas.es - Spanish B2B Directory)
How to Search by NACE: Use category filters (e.g., "Fondos de pensiones" for K65 pensions, "Seguros" for K65 insurers, "Servicios empresariales" for M71 SMEs); no direct NACE input, but categories map to NACE K65/K64. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "fondos de pensiones OR seguros OR pymes" (location: Madrid OR Barcelona). Advanced Options:
• Category = "Fondos de pensiones" OR "Seguros" OR "Servicios empresariales"; Location = Madrid OR Barcelona OR España; Sort by = Relevance; Map = On.
• (Paste in Search: fondos de pensiones OR seguros OR pymes; Category: Fondos de pensiones OR Seguros OR Servicios empresariales; Location: Madrid OR Barcelona)
Business Directory CRIF (businessdirectorycrif.com)
How to Search by NACE: Filter by "Activity sector" (e.g., K65 for insurance/pensions, K64 for financial services, M71 for technical services/SMEs); direct NACE input via advanced filter. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses" (company name: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard). Advanced Options:
• Activity sector = K65 OR K64 OR M71; Country = United Kingdom OR Spain OR France; Status = Active; Date range = 2009-01-01 to 2025-10-19; Sort by = Relevance.
• (Paste in Activity sector: K65 OR K64 OR M71; Company name: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard; Country: United Kingdom OR Spain OR France)
EBRA Worldwide Registers (ebra.be/worldwide-registers)
How to Search by NACE: Click country links (e.g., UK Companies House, Spain Registradores) and use their internal NACE/SIC filters (e.g., K65 in Companies House SIC 65300); no central NACE search, but aggregate via downloads. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Country-Specific Search (e.g., UK Companies House): "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (SIC: 65300 OR 65120 OR 64999 OR 82990). Advanced Options:
• Country = United Kingdom OR Spain OR Germany; Internal filter = Active companies, NACE K65/K64/M71; Date = From 2009 To 2025.
• (Paste in UK SIC filter: 65300 OR 65120 OR 64999 OR 82990; Company name: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard)
Europages.co.uk (B2B Directory)
How to Search by NACE: Use "Activity sector" dropdown (maps to NACE; e.g., K65 = "Insurance and pension funding", K64 = "Financial services", M71 = "Technical services"); multi-select. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses" (location: United Kingdom). Advanced Options:
• Activity sector = Insurance and pension funding OR Financial services OR Technical services; Location = United Kingdom; Sort by = Relevance; Company size = SMEs (<250 employees).
• (Paste in Activity sector: Insurance and pension funding OR Financial services OR Technical services; Search: pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard; Location: United Kingdom)
MarGo (margo.com - B2B Directory)
How to Search by NACE: Filter by "Industry" (e.g., K65 = "Insurance & Pensions", K64 = "Financial Services", M71 = "Professional Services" for SMEs); use NACE codes in advanced query if API-enabled. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses" (company: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard). Advanced Options:
• Industry = Insurance & Pensions OR Financial Services OR Professional Services; Location = United Kingdom OR Europe; Date = Founded 2009-2025; Sort by = Relevance.
• (Paste in Industry: Insurance & Pensions OR Financial Services OR Professional Services; Search: pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard; Location: United Kingdom OR Europe)
OpenSanctions Advanced Search (Duplicate - Already Provided)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste: Same as before: "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard). Advanced Options: Same as before: Entity type = Organization; Scoring = logic-v2; Nationality = United Kingdom OR European Union; Birth date = 2009-2025.
• (Paste in Name: pension fund OR insurer OR small business Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard)
Paginas Amarillas (Duplicate - Already Provided)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste: Same as before: "fondos de pensiones OR seguros OR pymes" (Madrid OR Barcelona). Advanced Options: Same as before: Category = Fondos de pensiones OR Seguros OR Servicios empresariales; Location = Madrid OR Barcelona OR España.
• (Paste in Search: fondos de pensiones OR seguros OR pymes; Category: Fondos de pensiones OR Seguros OR Servicios empresariales; Location: Madrid OR Barcelona)
Europages B2B (Duplicate - Already Provided)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste: Same as before: "pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses" (United Kingdom). Advanced Options: Same as before: Activity sector = Insurance and pension funding OR Financial services OR Technical services; Location = United Kingdom.
• (Paste in Activity sector: Insurance and pension funding OR Financial services OR Technical services; Search: pension funds OR insurers OR small businesses Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard; Location: United Kingdom)
YouTube Advanced Search (for media/advocacy content on debt/class actions)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "(UK national debt OR gilt market collusion OR DMO mismanagement) AND (class action OR pension fund losses OR taxpayer harm) AND (CMA 2019 OR GEMM cartel) since:2009 until:2025" Advanced Options:
• Filter: Channels = "Citizens Advice", "FSB UK", "TPR Pensions", "Which?", "TaxPayers' Alliance"; Duration = "Long (>20 minutes)"; Sort by = "Upload date"; Safe search = "Off".
• (Paste in Date fields: From = 2009-01-01, To = 2025-10-19)
Companies House Advanced Search (for UK pension funds/insurers/SMEs by SIC/NACE equivalent)
How to Search by SIC/NACE: Use SIC codes (UK NACE equivalent): 65300 (pension funding), 65120 (life insurance), 64999 (financial services), 82990 (SMEs). Enter in "SIC code" filter for exact match. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (company name filter: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension) Advanced Options:
• Company type = "Private limited Company"; Status = "Active"; SIC code = "65300 OR 65120 OR 64999 OR 82990"; Registered office address = "London OR Manchester OR Birmingham"; Incorporation date = From 2009-01-01 To 2025-10-19.
• (Paste in SIC field: 65300,65120,64999,82990; Address field: London OR Manchester OR Birmingham)
OpenCorporates Advanced Search (for global companies/pension funds by NACE)
How to Search by NIC/NACE: Enter NACE codes in "Industry code" filter (e.g., K64 for financial services, K65 for insurance/pensions). Use "OR" for multiple. Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "pension fund OR insurer OR small business" (company name: Aviva OR Legal & General OR Prudential OR Abrdn OR Schroders OR USS OR BT Pension OR BlackRock OR Vanguard) Advanced Options:
• Jurisdiction = "United Kingdom OR United States OR Canada"; Industry code = "K64 OR K65 OR M71" (financial, insurance, SMEs); Status = "Active"; Founded = From 2009 To 2025; Officers = "Include".
• (Paste in Industry code: K64 OR K65 OR M71; Founded: 2009-2025)
YouTube Playlists Search (for curated content on debt/class actions)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "UK national debt class action OR gilt collusion victims OR DMO negligence playlist" (title includes: "pension losses OR taxpayer harm OR GEMM cartel") Advanced Options:
• Filter: Playlists only; Date after = 2009-01-01; Date before = 2025-10-19; Sort by = "Relevance"; Channel = "Citizens Advice", "FSB UK", "TPR Pensions".
• (Paste in Date field: After 2009-01-01 Before 2025-10-19)
Yell.com Search (for local SMEs/small businesses as victims)
Keywords/Phrases to Paste in Search Box: "small business OR SME OR financial services" (location: "London OR Manchester OR Birmingham") Advanced Options:
• Category = "Financial Services" OR "Business Consultants"; Location = "United Kingdom"; Sort by = "Distance"; Map view = "On".
• (Paste in Category: Financial Services OR Business Consultants; Location: London OR Manchester OR Birmingham)
================================
UK National Debt Case: List of Class Members by COA
Follow-on Damages Claim under Competition Law (Against GEMMs for 2009–2013 Collusion)
• Types: Institutional investors, pension funds, insurers harmed by inflated gilt prices; foreign investors (central banks, sovereign wealth funds); businesses in infrastructure/energy/real estate (NACE D, F, L).
• Examples: USS, BT Pension Scheme, Pension Protection Fund, Aviva, Legal & General, Prudential, Abrdn, Schroders, Allianz, AXA, BlackRock, Vanguard, BAE Systems, Tesco, AstraZeneca, Vodafone, Siemens, BMW.
• Associations/Contacts: TPR (customersupport@tpr.gov.uk, 0345 600 7066); FSB (membership@fsb.org.uk, 0808 202 0888); CBI (general enquiries via www.cbi.org.uk); BusinessEurope (info@businesseurope.eu); BEUC (info@beuc.eu). Reach via email/webforms for anonymized opt-ins; phone for policy discussions.
Tort Claim for Negligence (Against HM Treasury/DMO for Gilt Mismanagement)
• Types: Taxpayers/consumers via higher taxes/inflation; pension funds/retirees with eroded returns; small businesses with inflated borrowing costs; public sector entities (councils, NHS trusts) via PWLB loans.
• Examples: 32M UK taxpayers, 12M pensioners, 5.6M SMEs, 300+ local authorities, 200+ NHS trusts; USS, Aviva, Legal & General, Prudential.
• Associations/Contacts: Citizens Advice (contact form www.citizensadvice.org.uk, 0800 240 4420); National Debtline (webform www.nationaldebtline.org/contact-us, 0808 808 4000); LGA (info@local.gov.uk, 020 7664 3000); NHS Confederation (enquiries@nhsconfed.org, 020 7799 6666); Which? (contact form www.which.co.uk). Reach via webforms/emails for surveys; helplines for referrals.
Tort Claim for Misfeasance in Public Office (Against HM Treasury/DMO for Bad Faith Oversight)
• Types: Taxpayers/consumers via suppressed whistleblower reports; pension funds with fiduciary breaches; businesses with deliberate regulatory gaps; insolvent debtors pushed into distress.
• Examples: 80K personal/20K business insolvencies annually; USS, BT Pension Scheme, Aviva, Prudential; vulnerable individuals via Stop It Now!.
• Associations/Contacts: Insolvency Service (legalservices@insolvency.gov.uk, 0300 678 0015); TPR (customersupport@tpr.gov.uk, 0345 600 7066); FSB (membership@fsb.org.uk, 0808 202 0888); Stop It Now! (help@stopitnow.org.uk, 0808 1000 900). Reach via emails for anonymized data; phone for partnership on conflicts.
Breach of Statutory Duty (Against HM Treasury/DMO for Prudent Borrowing Violations)
• Types: Taxpayers/groups with private rights to compensation; public sector entities breaching full funding rule; businesses in crowded-out sectors (tech, construction).
• Examples: Local authorities/NHS trusts; 5.6M SMEs; TaxPayers’ Alliance members.
• Associations/Contacts: LGA (info@local.gov.uk, 020 7664 3000); NHS Confederation (enquiries@nhsconfed.org, 020 7799 6663); TaxPayers’ Alliance (info@taxpayersalliance.com, 020 7788 8444); CEOE (info@ceoe.es). Reach via policy emails; webforms for statutory breach surveys.
Anti-Competitive Vertical Agreement Claim (Against HM Treasury/DMO for DMO-GEMM Framework)
• Types: Taxpayers via foreclosure costs; businesses/investors in excluded markets; foreign entities (Japan/China central banks, Norway/Middle East wealth funds).
• Examples: BlackRock, Vanguard; Siemens, BMW, Japanese/Korean firms; USS, Aviva.
• Associations/Contacts: BusinessEurope (info@businesseurope.eu); CEOE (info@ceoe.es); TPR (customersupport@tpr.gov.uk, 0345 600 7066); FSB (membership@fsb.org.uk, 0808 202 0888). Reach via international policy emails; consortium invites for vertical restraint audits.