Index of Cases (Click to jump to section):
COCOO.uk & UK REGULATOR LIVE INVESTIGATIONS
GDPR possible violations:
there are open investigations against xAI in the EU and Spain, initiated by complaints from NGOs. These relate to potential GDPR violations concerning the use of public X posts to train Grok AI without proper user consent or opt-out mechanisms. No open investigations were found in the UK by regulators, NGOs, charities, associations, supercomplainants, or similar consumer bodies.
In the EU, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC), as the lead supervisory authority for X (formerly Twitter), is investigating xAI’s Grok AI for GDPR breaches. The probe, which began around April 2025, examines whether training data from European users’ posts violates data protection rules. This stems from complaints filed by the NGO NOYB (None of Your Business) in August 2024 across nine EU countries, alleging unlawful data processing. The investigation remains ongoing as of December 2025, with potential fines or remedies if violations are confirmed. Details and updates: https://noyb.eu/en/project/x-twitter-training-grok-ai-european-users-data. Additional coverage: https://getcoai.com/news/eu-investigates-grok-ai-for-potential-gdpr-breaches/.
In Spain, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) is part of the same EU-wide probe, having received a NOYB complaint in 2024. The investigation focuses on xAI’s data practices for Grok AI training, assessing compliance with GDPR Article 6 (lawful processing) and user rights. It is coordinated with the Irish DPC and remains active, with possible national enforcement if EU-level resolution delays. Details: https://www.techzine.eu/news/privacy-compliance/123299/complaints-filed-in-european-countries-against-ai-training-grok-on-x-posts/. Agency site for related updates: https://www.aepd.es/
Consumer law violations:
There are individual consumer complaints about xAI’s Grok lacking human customer service and not replying to consumer emails, primarily on public forums like Reddit and X. For example, users report emailing support@x.ai about subscription issues, conversation restores, or technical problems without receiving responses, sometimes waiting weeks. These complaints focus on delays or absence of human support, with some users escalating via Apple or Google for refunds due to unresolved issues….However, no open investigations or formal complaints by regulators, NGOs, charities, associations, supercomplainants, or similar consumer bodies in the UK, EU, or Spain were found on this specific issue. Existing regulatory scrutiny of xAI/Grok relates to data privacy and content moderation, not customer service.
UK Taxpayers, Pension Funds, and Future Generations burdened by debt management strategies. General public and institutional investors affected by fiscal governance.
Ofcom has opened enforcement investigations on whether AVS Group Limited (and other named adult content providers such as ZD Media s.r.o., Cyberitic LLC, Web Prime Inc, and Youngtek Solutions Ltd) is meeting its legal obligations to children by failing to implement robust age verification checks. If you are a parent or guardian whose child has accessed age-inappropriate pornographic content—specifically regarding the breaches of Part 5 of the Online Safety Act 2023 investigated by Ofcom—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Online Safety Action Group. Your input will help verify if these platforms could be breaching online safety laws and age assurance duties. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
Ofcom has opened an enforcement investigation on whether Kick Online Entertainment S.A. is meeting its legal obligations to children by failing to implement robust age verification checks and manage illegal content risks. If you are a parent or guardian whose child has accessed age-inappropriate pornographic or illegal content and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Kick Online Entertainment Action Group. Your input will help verify if they could be breaching online safety laws and age assurance duties. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
Ofcom has opened an enforcement investigation on whether 8579 LLC which operates multiple adult websites including 4kporn, crazyporn, is meeting its legal obligations to children by failing to implement robust age verification checks. If you are a parent or guardian whose child has accessed age-inappropriate pornographic content on any of these sites and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the 8579 UK Online Safety Action Group. Your input will help verify if 8579 LLC could be breaching online safety laws and age assurance duties. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
Ofcom has opened an enforcement investigation on whether the provider of Im.ge is meeting its legal obligations to protect users by failing to respond to statutory information requests and implement sufficient measures against illegal content, specifically child sexual abuse material (CSAM). If you are a parent or guardian whose child has been exposed to CSAM or other illegal content on this file-sharing platform and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Im.ge UK Online Safety Action Group. Your input will help verify if the provider of Im.ge could be breaching online safety laws and duties to mitigate illegal content risks. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) have opened investigations and enforcement proceedings on whether Meta Platforms, Inc. (formerly Facebook) is meeting its legal obligations to users by complying with competition laws and data privacy regulations. If you are a UK Facebook or Instagram user (particularly between 2016 and 2019) who has had personal data collected without fair compensation, or an advertiser who has suffered from anti-competitive ad-tech practices—specifically regarding the abuse of dominance and unfair data usage claims currently before the Competition Appeal Tribunal—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Meta Data Action Group. Your input will help verify if Meta could be breaching the Competition Act 1998 and GDPR. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an investigation on whether Meta Platforms is meeting its legal obligations to competitors and advertisers by potentially abusing its dominant position in digital advertising. If you are an Etsy seller or e-commerce merchant who has suffered financial loss due to inflated ad prices, unfair use of your data to benefit Facebook Marketplace, or suppressed visibility—specifically regarding the anti-competitive practices investigated under the Competition Act 1998—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Etsy-Meta Action Group. Your input will help verify if Meta could be breaching competition laws and market dominance regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an investigation on whether Meta Platforms (Facebook) is meeting its legal obligations to rival classifieds platforms and consumers by potentially abusing its dominant position to benefit Facebook Marketplace. If you are a Gumtree seller or classifieds user who has experienced reduced choice, higher fees, or suppressed visibility and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK META Classifieds Action Group. Your input will help verify if Meta could be breaching competition laws and fair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an investigation on whether Google is meeting its legal obligations to UK businesses and consumers by assessing its market power in general search and search advertising services. If you are an advertiser, news publisher, or rival search engine who has experienced financial loss due to reduced innovation, higher ad prices, or unfair ranking practices and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Google UK Digital Advertising Action Group. Your input will help verify if Google could be breaching new digital market regulations and conduct requirements. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an investigation on whether eBay is meeting its legal obligations to UK businesses and consumers by assessing its competitive practices in the online marketplace sector. If you are a professional seller, classifieds user, or competitor who has experienced financial loss due to unfair data usage, restricted visibility, or market suppression and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK eBay Classifieds Action Group. Your input will help verify if eBay could be breaching competition laws and market dominance regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened a market investigation on whether Amazon (AWS) and Microsoft (Azure) are meeting their legal obligations to UK businesses by ensuring fair competition in the public cloud infrastructure market. If you are a UK business, IT leader, or software developer who has experienced financial loss or operational restrictions due to high data transfer (egress) fees, restrictive software licensing practices, or technical barriers to switching providers and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Amazon (AWS) and Microsoft (Azure) UK Cloud Market Action Group. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching competition laws and market fairness regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
are you a Thames Water customers facing service disruptions?: Ofwat has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Thames Water is meeting its legal obligations to customers and the environment by potentially delaying key investment projects. If you have experienced sewage pollution, poor water quality, or service failures due to delayed infrastructure upgrades—such as the 100+ overdue schemes in the Water Industry National Environment Programme—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Thames Water Action Group. Your input will help verify if Thames Water could be breaching its statutory duties and environmental permits. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
Ofwat has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether South West Water is meeting its legal obligations to customers and the environment by failing to properly manage its sewage treatment works and sewerage network. If you have experienced sewage pollution (particularly on beaches and rivers in Devon and Cornwall), poor water quality, or environmental damage due to these operational failures—such as the unpermitted discharges that led to a proposed £24 million enforcement package—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK South West Water Compensation Group. Your input will help verify if South West Water could be breaching its statutory duties and environmental permits. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
Ofwat has opened enforcement case investigations on whether Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water (along with Hafren Dyfrdwy, Severn Trent, and United Utilities) is meeting its legal obligations to customers and the environment by failing to properly manage its sewage treatment works and sewerage network. If you have experienced sewage pollution (particularly in Wales, the Midlands, or North West England), poor water quality, or environmental damage due to these operational failures—such as the unpermitted discharges that triggered these expanded regulatory probes—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the **Welsh Water Compensation Group**. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching their statutory duties and environmental permits. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
Ofgem has opened an investigation on whether Moray Offshore Windfarm (East) Limited is meeting its legal obligations by complying with the Transmission Constraint Licence Condition (TCLC). If you are a Power Generator (who paid BSUoS charges prior to April 2023) or a Large Industrial Energy User who has suffered financial loss due to inflated balancing costs—arising from Moray East’s alleged excessive bid pricing during grid constraints—please complete this form. Please complete the short form (to the right) to join the UK Energy Market Integrity Group. Your input will help verify if Moray Offshore Windfarm (East) Limited could be breaching its generation licence and distorting competition. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
Ofgem has opened a major enforcement case investigation (and issued a Provisional Order in September 2025) on whether Maxen Power Supply Limited is meeting its legal obligations to business customers. If you are a Small Business Owner or Commercial Energy Customer who has been subjected to illegitimate “Revenue Protection” fees, accused of energy theft without evidence, or had payment records altered to hide these charges—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form. Please complete the short form (to the right) to join the Maxen Power Supply Accountability Group. Your input will help verify if Maxen Power Supply Limited could be breaching Standard Licence Conditions regarding the fair treatment of non-domestic customers and energy theft regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
Ofgem has issued a Provisional Order and opened an investigation on whether Tomato Energy Limited is meeting its legal obligations to the energy market and customers by failing to meet financial reporting requirements and payment deadlines. If you are a customer who has experienced account instability, risk to your credit balances, or service uncertainty due to these financial management failures—such as the breach of the Financial Responsibility Principle and missing Renewables Obligation payments—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Tomato Energy Compensation Group. Your input will help verify if Tomato Energy Limited could be breaching its licence conditions and statutory financial duties. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
Ofgem has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) is meeting its legal obligations to network users and the wider energy system by failing to properly maintain its critical transmission assets. If you are a Generator, Distribution Network Operator, or Industrial Energy User who has experienced supply disruption, connection delays, or financial loss due to these asset maintenance failures—specifically regarding the North Hyde substation and compliance with Section 9(2) of the Electricity Act 1989—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK National Grid Accountability Group. Your input will help verify if NGET could be breaching its statutory duties and transmission licence conditions. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
Ofgem has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Utilita Energy Limited is meeting its legal obligations to customers by failing to comply with rules regarding prepayment meters, support for vulnerable customers, and the Priority Services Register. If you are a domestic customer who has been involuntarily moved to a prepayment meter, denied “Additional Support Credit” despite being in a vulnerable situation, or failed to receive appropriate support while on the Priority Services Register, and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Utilita Energy Accountability Group. Your input will help verify if Utilita Energy Limited could be breaching its statutory duties and supply licence conditions. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has opened an investigation on whether Drax Group is meeting its legal obligations to investors and the market by failing to provide accurate information regarding the sustainability of its biomass sourcing. If you are an investor or stakeholder who has experienced financial loss due to reliance on misleading statements—specifically regarding the “greenwashing” of wood pellet sourcing and carbon emissions data investigated under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Drax Accountability Group. Your input will help verify if Drax Group could be breaching market abuse regulations and listing rules. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Utility Regulator (UR) in Northern Ireland has opened a formal enforcement investigation on whether EP Ballylumford Limited is meeting its legal obligations to the electricity market and consumers by potentially failing to comply with its electricity generation licence. If you are a Northern Ireland electricity consumer or market participant who has experienced concerns regarding security of supply, market stability, or increased costs and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the EP Ballylumford Action Group. Your input will help verify if EP Ballylumford Limited could be breaching its statutory duties and licence conditions. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether StubHub is meeting its legal obligations to event-goers by failing to provide transparent pricing and avoiding pressure selling tactics. If you are a ticket buyer who has experienced “drip pricing” (where mandatory fees are added at the end of the transaction) or misleading information about ticket availability—specifically regarding the online sales practices investigated under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the StubHub Action Group. Your input will help verify if StubHub could be breaching consumer protection laws and unfair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Viagogo is meeting its legal obligations to ticket buyers by failing to provide transparent pricing and displaying mandatory fees upfront. If you are a customer who has experienced “drip pricing” (where additional mandatory fees were revealed only at the end of the booking process) or misleading information about ticket scarcity and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Viagogo Action Group. Your input will help verify if Viagogo could be breaching consumer protection laws and price transparency regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Gold’s Gym is meeting its legal obligations to customers by failing to provide transparent pricing regarding membership joining fees. If you are a member who has experienced “drip pricing” (where a mandatory one-off joining fee was revealed only part-way through the sign-up process rather than in the headline price)—specifically regarding the practices investigated under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Gold’s Gym Action Group. Your input will help verify if Gold’s Gym could be breaching consumer protection laws and unfair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Automobile Association Developments Limited (trading as the AA and BSM Driving School) is meeting its legal obligations to learner drivers by failing to provide transparent pricing regarding mandatory booking fees. If you are a customer who has experienced “drip pricing” (where a mandatory fee was not included in the headline price and was only revealed later in the booking process)—specifically regarding the practices investigated under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the AA & BSM Driving School Action Group. Your input will help verify if Automobile Association Developments Limited could be breaching consumer protection laws and unfair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement case investigation on whether Wayfair is meeting its legal obligations to customers by failing to provide genuine and transparent sales promotions. If you are a customer who has experienced misleading “time-limited” sales (where countdown clocks or deadline claims pressured you into buying, only for the sale to continue or restart)—specifically regarding the pressure-selling practices investigated under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Wayfair Action Group. Your input will help verify if Wayfair could be breaching consumer protection laws and unfair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened a consumer protection enforcement case investigation on whether Marks Electrical Limited is meeting its legal obligations to customers by failing to provide transparent pricing online. If you are a customer who has been automatically opted in to purchasing additional services (such as installation, recycling, or packaging removal) without your clear consent, or misled by time-limited sales promotions—specifically regarding practices investigated under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Marks Electrical Action Group. Your input will help verify if Marks Electrical Limited could be breaching consumer protection laws and unfair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened an enforcement program into online pricing practices to investigate whether businesses across the retail, travel, and leisure sectors (including **StubHub**, **Viagogo**, **Wayfair**, and others) are meeting their legal obligations to consumers by failing to provide transparent pricing. If you are an online shopper who has experienced hidden “drip pricing” fees, misleading “countdown” offers, or automatic subscription opt-ins and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the **UK Online Pricing Action Group**. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching consumer protection laws and price transparency regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened a market investigation on whether large veterinary groups are meeting their legal obligations to pet owners by failing to provide competitive prices and transparent information. If you have experienced excessive costs for medicines, a lack of clear pricing for treatments, or were unaware that your local vet was part of a large corporate chain—such as the practices investigated for limiting consumer choice—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Veterinary Services Compensation Group. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching competition laws and consumer protection regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Groceries Code Adjudicator (GCA) and the European Commission have opened investigations on whether Amazon (regarding grocery supply) and major Atlantic salmon producers (such as Mowi, SalMar, and Lerøy) are meeting their legal obligations to suppliers and consumers by engaging in unfair trading practices and alleged price-fixing. If you have experienced financial loss due to delayed payments, unfair de-listing, or inflated food prices—specifically regarding the breaches of the Groceries Supply Code of Practice or the salmon cartel allegations—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK and EU Salmon Supply Chain Compensation Group. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching competition laws and fair trading regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
NHS England has opened an independent review on whether Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GMMH) is meeting its legal obligations to patients. If you or a family member have experienced abuse, systemic failings, or substandard mental health care and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the NHS mental health action group. Your input will help verify if GMMH could be breaching mental health safety regulations and standards of care. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The National Health Service (NHS) has opened an investigation on whether NHS trusts are meeting their legal obligations to patients. If you have experienced a “Never Event”—such as wrong-site surgery, retained foreign objects, or wrong implant insertion—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form. Please complete the short form to join the UK ”Never Event” group. Your input will help verify if NHS trusts could be breaching the Never Events Framework and patient safety regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has opened a criminal investigation on whether HM Prison Service is meeting its legal obligations to staff and prisoners by failing to control exposure to high levels of radon gas. If you are a current or former prisoner, prison officer, or healthcare worker who has been exposed to radon at HMP Dartmoor—potentially causing health risks like lung cancer due to breaches of the Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Prison Radon Action Group. Your input will help verify if HM Prison Service could be breaching health and safety laws and statutory duties of care. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has opened an investigation on whether the GFG Alliance (and its subsidiaries like Liberty Steel and Speciality Steel UK) are meeting their legal obligations to creditors, workers, and the UK steel sector. If you have experienced financial loss due to suspected fraud, fraudulent trading, or money laundering—or if you are a worker affected by the liquidation of Speciality Steel UK—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK steel action group. Is free and involves no obligations. Your input will help verify if these entities could be breaching financial regulations and the Insolvency Act 1986. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The City of London Police and the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) have opened investigations on whether UK-based investment firms—specifically those targeting Gulf expatriates, such as the 79th Group and related property schemes—are meeting their legal obligations to investors. If you are an investor based in the UK, UAE, or Gulf region who has suffered financial loss due to potential misrepresentation, Ponzi-style fraud, or frozen redemptions in UK real estate or wealth management funds—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK-Gulf Investment Accountability Group. Your input will help verify if these entities could be breaching financial regulations and fraud laws. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages
The Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) and the Competition Appeal Tribunal have opened investigations and legal proceedings on whether Visa and Mastercard are meeting their legal obligations to businesses by charging excessive scheme and interchange fees. If you are a UK merchant or business owner who has paid inflated “Multilateral Interchange Fees” (MIFs) or experienced sharp increases in “Scheme and Processing Fees”—specifically regarding the lack of effective competition identified in the PSR’s market reviews—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the UK Merchant Interchange Fee Action Group. Your input will help verify if these companies could be breaching competition laws and the Payment Services Regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has opened enforcement case investigations on whether residential freeholders (specifically D.A.T.S. (Holdings) Limited and Wallace Estates Limited, as well as developers like Barratt and Taylor Wimpey) are meeting their legal obligations to leaseholders by retaining unfair contract terms such as doubling ground rents. If you are a leaseholder who has experienced escalating ground rents, mis-selling of leasehold terms, or high fees for variations—specifically regarding the “fleecehold” practices investigated under consumer protection law—and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form to join the Leasehold Justice Group. Your input will help verify if these entities could be breaching the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 and unfair terms legislation. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has opened an investigation on whether airlines are meeting their legal obligations to passengers. If you have experienced a flight delay, cancellation, or denied boarding and believe your rights were ignored, please complete this form. Please complete the short form (to the right), to join the UK Passenger Action Group. Your input will help verify if airlines could be breaching UK261 regulations. This information will be used to assess potential tort liabilities and your eligibility for compensation or damages.
